Underground booms rock Ohio

Three unexplained earth-shaking booms rocked two Ohio counties last night, prompting a wave of 911 calls from concerned residents.

Residents of Montgomery County and Warren County reported hearing three loud booms at around 7pm yesterday evening, prompting the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office to send deputies out to investigate.

“One Miamisburg man said the loud booms sounded like an explosion, and that the last one sounded louder than the first,” reports WHIO, adding that the booms brought baffled neighbors out into the street.

Local utility companies said there were no incidents or power outages in the area that could have explained the booms, while Wright-Patterson Air Force Base asserted that there were no aircraft in the area that could have caused a sonic boom by breaking the sound barrier.

Over the last few years, there have been a rash of reports concerning strange noises heard both underground and in the sky in areas across the country.

From bizarre “groaning” sounds to trumpet-like noises, a lot of the reports can be explained away as hoaxes or some form of mass hysteria.

source

http://www.infowars.com/mysterious-earth-shaking-booms-rock-ohio/

Unexplained Booming Sounds

Over the past fifty years Floridians have periodically heard unexplained booming sounds. These acoustical mysteries have occurred in both the atmosphere and underground. In the 1950s, booming sounds were frequently heard in the Ocala National Forest but most of those were attributed to the military’s Ocala Bombing Range. However, in more recent times the same kind of sounds have been heard over a wider area without any apparent connection to military activities. People described the sounds “like a super-sonic aircraft makes when it breaks the sound barrier.” Windows would rattle and the ground would shake which caused some people to say it was coming from underground.

On January 25th and 26th, 1994, several sonic booms were heard across Central Florida with reports coming from Leesburg, Ocala, Gainesville, Dunnellon, and as far east as Deland. Seismographs at the University of Florida, that are capable of detecting vibrations as far away as China, showed no record of the acoustical phenomenon. When contacted by the authorities, local military installations at Tampa and Jacksonville said the sounds were not made by military aircraft. Likewise, the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) could offer no explanations for the bizarre booms. A few people claimed to have heard a quick “double boom” similar to what Central Floridians experience when the Space Shuttle breaks into the atmosphere just before landing. However, there were no shuttles flying during this period. A meteorologist, speaking on the evening news, theorized that the noise could have originated some place other than Florida, like an acoustical mirage caused by the inversion of air…but made audible over Florida. For lack of any other explanation, the theory sounded good on the evening news…albeit the average person found it rather difficult to understand.

Residents along Florida’s west coast have on occasion reported hearing “cannon-like detonations on clear mornings when the air is thin.” One boater sailing twenty miles off Cedar Key in 1996 said he heard sounds like “distant cannons” on the Gulf of Mexico. He recounted having heard the sounds just before sunrise and that they were repeated several times in five minute intervals. Strangely, the booms seem to come from no specific direction. The sea was calm with only a slight breeze and no clouds. In this case the experts speculated that the noise came from natural gas eruptions beneath the sea.

In February 1969, people on Jacksonville Beach reported hearing strange rattling sounds coming from two overhead clouds. A woman described the sound in a newspaper article as “like constant crumpling of cellophane.” There were no abnormal weather conditions in this case, no storms, or any other possible cause for the rattling clouds. Just one week later the same unexplained phenomenon was experienced by Miami Beach residents.

In November 1985, unexplained booms were heard at Kennedy Space Center following a shuttle launch. The mysterious sound had nothing to do with the launch. NASA clammed up about it, but researchers later found that the same thing had happened following the two previous launches. One physicist theorized that the sound could have been caused by the Soviets testing a secret electro-magnetic weapons grid system, which allegedly focused on the space shuttle in order to make technical adjustments in a worldwide EM grid network. The theory sounded great, or at least intriguing, but for the average non-physicist it was downright difficult to comprehend. Therefore no elaboration will be offered here, suffice to say it was another explanation to consider.

On May 7, 1996, sonic booms shook windows in Flagler, Marion, Volusia, Brevard, Orange, and Seminole counties. Lesser vibrations were felt as far south as West Palm Beach and as far north as Alachua County. The facilities at Kennedy Space Center experienced this noise too, but NASA claimed it had nothing to do with the shuttle operations. Some people thought it was an earthquake but the seismograph station in Gainesville registered no earth tremors. Once again all the suspect agencies and military were contacted, but all denied having anything to do with it and could offer no explanations. One remote possibility, according to a geologist, was that the sound may have been caused by the collapse of a subterranean aquifer. Underground aquifers hold our drinking water and are huge. If a good size chunk of ceiling fell inside an aquifer it would no doubt create a jolt underground. The only problem with this theory is that geological instruments had not picked up any activity.

Manatee County was hit with an unexplained thunderous boom in June 2003 that rattled windows and shook the ground. The only accountable explosion in the area was an electrical transformer that exploded in St. Petersburg but it was ruled out as the cause. Pensacola had experienced three similar booms in January of 2003, which some tried to blame on military testing in the Gulf of Mexico, but the authorities denied that it had anything to do with the military.

Many explanations have been offered for Florida’s weird booming sounds. The experts have had no problem in explaining what did not cause the sounds, but cannot say what did cause them. So, the booming remains another Florida mystery.

Felt the Earth Move Under Her Feet
I am sure you heard about the strange booms that were heard in Central Florida. We heard them in Pine Hills too and I thought it was the shuttle coming in but it wasn’t. Everyone was talking about it being a small earthquake but it wasn’t. We were outside and what I heard was two back to back loud muffled booms and with each one you could definitely feel the ground shake. Does anyone know what caused this? –Patty K.

Sound Came From All Around
A long time ago when we lived just outside of Fort White, Fla. there was a loud sound that sounded like an artillery gun. This was a rural area and everybody was pretty much aware of things and knew that nobody was dynamiting anything. We were puzzled by the sound but what was more odd is that nobody could agree on which direction the sound came from. Some said it was in the air and others said it was from the ground and some said it was east or west or north. It was like it was all around. I think that was in 1962 or 3, but the recent booms that were heard in Brevard County reminded me of what we heard. I’d bet it was the same thing that caused it. –Mrs. J. W. K.

Weird Florida

SO WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN AND WE HAVE TO DELVE INTO A BLACK OP WORLD OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER .

THE NEW WORLD ORDER AT THE NATION LEVEL IS A CO-OPERATIVE WHICH WORKS TOGETHER THEY PRETEND TO BE ENIMIES BUT AL WORK TOGETHER FOR THE SAME GOAL WORLD GOVERNMENT.

 ALTHOUGH SEEMS DIVIDED AND FRACTURED ON THE WORLD STAGE. MR PUTIN MAY SEEM TO BE AT ODDS WITH DAVID CAMERON OF THE UK AND BARACK OBAMA BUT LIKE THE TUNNEL SYSTEM YOUR ABOUT TO SEE THEY ARE ALL CONNECTED AND WORK FOR THE SAME PEOPLE. SATAN AND HIS DICIPLES THE  SATANIC BANKERS WHO RUN THE WORLD FINANCIAL SYSTEM. THE TUNNEL SYSTEM GOES ALL OVER THE WORLD AND CONNECTS THE USA TO MOSCOW AND CHINA. THERE ALREADY IS A WORLD GOVERNMENT IN PLACE IT JUST HASN’T BECOME FULLY VISIBLE.

For those who think this system could not be built just think about this the london and paris underground systems which were the highest innovations of their day were built over 100 years ago infact some sections more than 120-130 years ago. Think how far we have come in that time in other fields from ship building to submarines to aircraft to space travel. Why couldn’t this be built is the real question.

1971
The Very High Speed Transit System.
By: Robert M. Salter

Description of a very high speed transit (VHST) system operating in its own rarefied atmosphere in evacuated

tubes in underground tunnels. Most cases considered took less time to go coast-to-coast (e.g., 21 min)

than it takes an aircraft to climb to an efficient operating altitude. VHST’s tubecraft ride

on, and are driven by, electromagnetic (EM) waves. In accelerating, it employs

the energy of the surrounding EM field; in decelerating, it returns

most of this energy to the system. Tunnel systems would be shared by oil, water,

and gas pipelines; channels for laser and microwave waveguides;

electric power lines including superconducting ones; and freight

systems. Environmental and economic benefits are substantial

, and the technology for building and operating the system exists. 17 pp.

1972
Defense Technical Information Center
Accession Number: ADA032172
Citation Status: ACTIVE

Title: The Very High Speed Transit System,

Fields and Groups : 130600 – SURFACE TRANSPORTATION AND EQUIPMENT
Corporate Author: RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF

Personal Author(s): Salter,R. M.
Report Date: AUG 1972
Media Count: 19 Pages(s)
Report Number(s): P-4874   (P4874)

Descriptors:
*TRANSPORTATION, MAGNETIC FIELDS, SUPERCONDUCTORS, TUNNELS, DRIVES, VEHICLES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ELECTROMAGNETISM, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.ZTRANSPORTATION, MAGNETIC FIELDS, SUPERCONDUCTORS, TUNNELS, DRIVES, VEHICLES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ELECTROMAGNETISM, ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.Z

Identifiers:
*Magnetically levitated vehicles, *Tubetrains, *Very high speed transit systems

Abstract:
          The Very High Speed Transit or ‘VHST’ concept was put forward some years ago in response to the search for a pollution-free transport method that could operate at speeds competitive with aircraft. The general principles are relatively straightforward: Electromagnetically levitated and propelled cars in an evacuated tunnel. The VHST’s ‘tubecraft’ ride on, and are driven by, electromagnetic (EM) waves much as a surfboard rides the ocean’s waves. The EM waves are generated by pulsed or by oscillating currents in electrical conductors that form the ‘roadbed’ structure in the evacuated ‘tubeway.’ Opposing magnetic fields in the vehicle are generated by means of a loop of superconducting cable carrying on the order of a million amperes of current. The system is highly conservative of energy. Economic, environmental and technical aspects are briefly considered.

Distribution Limitation(s):  01 – APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Source Code: 296600
Document Location: DTIC AND NTIS
Geopolitical Code:  0628
Supplementary Notes: Previously announced as N73-13990.
Citation Updated: 06 MAR 2002 

Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Members of the public may purchase hardcopy documents from the National Technical Information Service. 

1978
Trans-planetary subway systems: a burgeoning capability
By: Robert M. Salter

Describes a subway concept called “Planetran” comprising electromagnetically supported and propelled cars traveling in underground evacuated tubes, able to cross the United States in one hour. It is designed to interface with local transit systems, and the tunnel complex also contains utility transmission and auxiliary freight-carrying systems. Tunnels represent a major problem area and most of the cost. They will be placed several hundred feet underground in solid rock formations. It will require advanced tunnel-boring machines, such as hypersonic projectile spallation, laser beam devices, and the “Subterrene” heated tungsten probe that melts through igneous rocks. Planetran is rated as a system high in conservation of energy. For every car being accelerated, there is one decelerating in an adjoining tube. The decelerating cars return energy to the system. The tubes have a reduced atmosphere, making drag losses much smaller than for aircraft. Coast-to-coast energy costs are expected to be less than $1.00 per passenger.

RAND  Corporation Document No: P-6092 Year: 1978 Pages: 35
Title: Trans-Planetary Subway Systems: A Burgeoning Capability.
Author(s): Robert M. Salter
Keywords: Railroads; Tunnels; Underground structures; Urban transportation
Cover Price: $20.00

Note: This one does NOT come up at DTIC – may not be available for public release

LA Times Article Proposes
10,000 MPH Tube-Shuttle Network?
by John Rhodes

Imagine taking a trip from LA to San Francisco in 21 minutes! While it might sound too incredible to be true, in 1972 scientists publicly stated that it could be built and it should be built.

The following is a quoted article that appeared in the Los Angeles Times newspaper on June 11, 1972. It is an interview with the RAND Corporation’s lead physicist, Dr. Robert M. Salter about the benefit of constructing an underground Very High Speed Transit (VHST) system across the United States. It describes the economical and environmental benefits of subterranean transportation and states that traveling at such amazing speeds can be achieved using conventional (1972) technologies.

Think About It: Our government’s planning for Continuity Of Government (COG) includes underground bunker facilities located across the United States. It only stands to reason that the planners would have also considered how their supply lines could be protected from airborne attack. Someone involved in the planning, after reading the following article, would have realized that an underground VHST tube shuttle system would be perfect for protecting the distribution of vital personnel and supplies under an American Battlefield landscape without risk or interference.

If military strategists knew such a remarkable system could be built,  not building it and leaving our national transportation infrastructure above ground, vulnerable to damage by military attack or natural disasters, would be neglecting national security objectives. 

It’s been over thirty-five years since this concept was first made public.  I believe it is time for the Shadow Government to turn over the main lines to the surface population. If rumors are true, the Black Ops could begin using their hidden, “backup” tube shuttle systems full time instead.

(Blue Highlights by John Rhodes Red Highlights by Pegasus)

LA TIMES, JUNE 11, 1972
BEGIN ARTICLE QUOTE”

“L.A. to N.Y. in Half an Hour?
10,000 – M.P.H. Tunnel Train Plan Developed
By: Times Science Writer – George Getz 

A Rand corporation physicist has devised a rapid transit system to get you from Los Angeles to NY in half an hour for a $50 fair. He said existing technology made such a system feasible and so does a cost analysis. The essence of the idea is to dig a tunnel more or less along the present routes of U.S. highways 66 and thirty. The tunnel would contain several large tubes for East West travel of trains that float on magnetic fields, moving at top speeds of 10,000 mph. Passengers would faced forwarded during acceleration, backward during deceleration. According to R. M. Salter Jr. head of the physical sciences department at Rand, the idea of high-speed train travel using electromagnetic suspension was first put forward in 1905 and actually patented in 1912. The trains he suggested now would be single cars rather than actual trains, and would be big enough to carry both passengers and freight, including large containers and automobiles.

Could Carry Automobiles

The cars, or gondolas, would leave the New York and Los Angeles terminals at one minute or even 30 second intervals. On the main line their would be intermediate stops at Amarillo and Chicago. Feeder lines would meet the main lines at both locations. Their would also be subsidiary lines coming into the two main terminals from such cities as San Francisco, Boston and Washington. The main idea of VHST, or Very High Speed Transit, developed originally in thinking about the satellite program and hyper sonic aircraft speeds.” Salter said in an interview at Rand. “The underground tubes were for suggested as alternatives, perhaps not quite seriously, but it was soon apparent that the idea of a tunnel containing such tubes had a lot of real advantages.” he said.

Conservation of Energy

In the first place, he explained there is the extremely important matter of the use and conservation of immense amounts of energy needed to move the vehicles at such great speed. “An airplane that travels faster than sound uses up a large part of its available energy supply just in climbing to an altitude where the speeds for which it is designed are possible.” Salter said. “That’s true of rockets too. Much of their energy is spent and lost forever and getting above the atmosphere.” This would not be true for the VHST gondolas traveling on their electromagnetic rail beds, according to Salter. The tubes would be emptied of air, almost to the point of vacuum, so the trains would not need much power to overcome air resistance. They would not even have to be streamlined. In addition to an electromagnetic roadbeds, the opposing electromagnetic loops of wires in the floors of the gondolas would be super cooled with liquid Helium to further eliminate electrical resistance.

Breaking Generates Power

Just as important, the gondolas would, like old-fashioned trolley cars, generate power as they break to a stop. “Since the trains would be leaving New York and Los Angeles simultaneously every minute, the power generated by cars breaking coming into the terminal would be transferred to the power lines propelling the cars going the other way.” “For example, there will be halfway points between each stop. Trains would use power and getting to that halfway point, and generate power going the other half of the way to the stop. Each would use power generated by trains going in the other direction.” That is the way trolley cars have operated for eighty years – taking power from the overhead lines while accelerating or running along at a steady speed, and putting power back into the lines while breaking or coasting. The big drawback to the Salter scheme is the cost of tunneling across the nation. He admitted that it would be expensive but it does not daunt him. “After the tunneling was finished, everything else would be practically free.” He said. Even at the low fair he proposes, the enormous debt created by the tunneling would be amortized within a reasonable period if the number of passengers and the amount of freight came up to Salter’s expectations. He figures the tunnel’s would carry seven or 8 million tons of freight a day and that passengers would take to traveling back and forth between the Eastern West Coast has readily as they now fly between San Francisco and Los Angeles. “The technology of this is much easier than was developed for the space program.” 

Salter said. And tunnels, he added, need not be so expensive to dig is people think. The most expensive thing about surface routes is the acquiring right-of-way and removing buildings that stand on the chosen route. The tunnel would not incur this expense. The tunnel, besides carrying tubes for passenger and freight gondolas, would carry many of the utilities now strung across the countryside on high wires. Salter said these underground power “lines” could be super-cooled with helium, like the electromagnetic loops in the floors of the gondolas. He said this would so reduce resistance that power could be transferred from one end of the country to the other without appreciable loss. At the present time long distance transportation of power is difficult because of the amount of energy wasted. He said laser beams could be carried in the tunnel for the instantaneous transmission of messages. Even the mail could go cross-country in pneumatic tubes carried in the tunnel. All this would save money and speed amortization, thus cutting the overall cost of tunneling. Salter said approximately 8000 miles of tunnel were dug in America and Western Europe in the 1960s. That includes mine shafts. But he said existing tunneling technology could be vastly improved. Salter said many tunnels are dug nowadays almost as they would have been in the dark ages. Drilling holes in tunnel faces, and using machines with rotary bits are methods of tunneling that can be improved, according to him. He said the tunnel could be worked on from a great many “faces,” for instance. Salter suggested, too, that electronic beams or even water be used to drill holes for blasting. The high-powered electrons would drill blasting holes almost instantaneously.

Travel by Airplane

Projections of future airplane and automobile travels in the United States, and the future train and truck transfer of freight, show that Salter’s tunnel idea is not a science fiction fantasy. There will be more room in the tunnels for all the necessary transport than there will be over any feasible number of Airways and freeways and tracks. Salter’s suggestion, according to the experts who have had a look at it, is an eminently practical one for handling all the necessary traffic cleanly and without clogging up the air and surface pathways. But it will such a system ever be developed? Salter himself is not optimistic. “Perhaps” is how he puts it. “I am not nearly so optimistic about the political aspects of the problem as I am about our technical capability of doing the job.” He said. “History shows that some obviously feasible and practical projects, such as the tunnel proposed over and over again for connecting England and France under the English channel, can be put off for centuries because of political pressure. On the other hand, societies with relatively primitive technology can perform such engineering feats as the erection of impairments.” Is the VHS T too far out? Salter suggested that to get the right perspective we should look back 100 years.

Comparison Made

By comparing transportation a century ago and transportation today, one gets a better feel for just how practical VHST is. It appears to be a logical next step, and much more practical than its alternatives of filling the highways and Airways with more and more individually guided vehicles. “This alone is a compelling reason for the high-speed system.” Salter said. There are others, according to him. “We can’t afford any longer to continue indefinitely to pollute the skies with heat, chemicals, not to mention noise, or to carve up the land with pavement.” He said. “We also need to get the trucks and many of the cars off the highway to make the roads available to drivers who drive the family car for fun and convenience.”

Originally posted by Mac Harper ATS POST ID 4157501

This secret train system has been around and worked on for quite some time. BTW – Great movie script about it – LIE TZAR.  I’m from West Virginia and all through my life growing up there were rumors about a secret base for government under the Greenbriar in White Sulphur Springs.  Well, it turned out to be true. But how do you think the government were going to get there? On  he secret rail of course.

Originally posted by Mac Harper ATS POST ID 4162081

The thing is already built.  There’s more to go but it works. It may not be as fast as 14,000mph but has been worked on for years. It is geared to sort of replace the airline industry.  Private flying and cargo will be just about all that’s in the sky. The rest of us will be riding the tube DEEP below. 

Originally posted by zorgon ATS POST ID 9562385

Hmmm “the tube”… you in the NAVY by any chance?

Ah.. but then you only logged in to make 2 comments on this thread… curious that

The source of this map is currently unknown. Included for interest.

Government whistleblowers and retired military personnel have publicly stated that during their employment they observed that our government has a massive network of tunnels, with super velocity trains,  linking secret underground bases. (Thomas Castello, the former Dulce Base security officer, reported to an associate that Dulce had a tube-shuttle station linked to several other secret underground bases.) 

At first hearing, these statements seem too far-out to be true. We’ve all seen television shows about tunnels and they always show how expensive, dangerous, and disastrous near-surface tunnel construction can be. So, obviously an undertaking such as constructing a massive, sci-fi-like  network of underground tunnels would take too much money and hundreds of years to build! NOT SO, say scientists! 

In 1972, Robert M. Salter, lead scientist with the Rand Corporation, announced during an interview with LA Times science writer George Getz, that a high speed system could be built using existing (1972) technologies. He also stated that the system should be built for environmental and economic reasons. What kind of speeds was he talking about? Try 10,000 MPH!  (Read this June 11, 1972 LA Times article).

On August 2nd, 1972, Salter wrote Rand document P-4874. The publication was titled, “The Very High Speed Transit [VHST] System.” The 17-page report detailed the technologies involved, possible attained speeds, aspects of economic and security benefits, and potential routes. This document reported achievable passenger speeds at 14,000  MPH! 

Even though the National Geographic, History and Sci-Fi channels have programs exposing the underground cities of ancient civilizations (and storage companies), only our imaginations can provide insight into how extensive a national security network of tunnels might be if the Black Operations World (BOW) were given the green light to begin construction.By 1978, this proposal grew in dimension and attracted serious consideration by Continuity of Government officials, intelligence departments and U.S. military command. That February, Robert Salter submitted report number P-6092, titled, “Trans-Planetary Subway Systems: A Burgeoning Capability.” This report updated route maps and extrapolated further upon the economic and technical considerations in planning the system.

By using conventional ‘rock drilling’ Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs), it would take decades to complete. Whereas using the more advanced TBMs, developed by Los Alamos Labs,  the construction costs would have been sharply reduced, the time required to build tunnels lessened, and the inherent dangers of loose rock tunneling avoided. (see the actual Los Alamos patents 1, 2, 3). 

HAS THE VHST SYSTEM BEEN BUILT?
According to numerous eyewitnesses and former government employees, the system already exists and is currently being used by the Shadow government, their black ops forces, plus favored corporate entities.

WHY ARE WE TRYING TO GENERATE INTEREST IN THESE DOCUMENTS?

There are many reasons, including: If surface humanity were to encounter a serious extraterrestrial threat, natural or alien, it would be better to have relocated transportation systems underground to maintain operations and continuity of the government; the threat of terrorist attacks on the national transportation infrastructure would be minimized; surface CO2 emissions would be greatly reduced.

Can we afford not to make this move?

US Patent 3693731 PDF

Apparatus and Method for Large Tunnel Excavation in Hard Rock

Publication number: US3885832
Publication date: 1975-05-27
Inventor: ALTSEIMER JOHN H; HANOLD ROBERT J
Applicant: US ENERGY

Abstract of US3885832
A tunneling machine for producing large tunnels in rock by progressive detachment of the tunnel core by thermal melting a boundary kerf into the tunnel face and simultaneously forming an initial tunnel wall support by deflecting the molten materials against the tunnel walls to provide, when solidified, a continuous liner; and fragmenting the tunnel core circumscribed by the kerf by thermal stress fracturing and in which the heat required for such operations is supplied by a compact nuclear reactor.

Apparatus and Method for Large Tunnel Excavation in Soft & Incompetent Rock or Ground

Publication number: US3881777
Publication date: 1975-05-06
Inventor: ALTSEIMER JOHN H; HANOLD ROBERT J
Applicant: US ENERGY

Abstract of US3881777
A tunneling machine for producing large tunnels in soft rock or wet, clayey, unconsolidated or bouldery earth by simultaneously detaching the tunnel core by thermal melting a boundary kerf into the tunnel face and forming a supporting excavation wall liner by deflecting the molten materials against the excavation walls to provide, when solidified, a continuous wall supporting liner, and detaching the tunnel face circumscribed by the kerf with powered mechanical earth detachment means and in which the heat required for melting the kerf and liner material is provided by a compact nuclear reactor.

US Patent 3881777 PDF

The image above and the set below, has circulated on the web for some time,
supposedly picture of the Dulce Base underground high speed transit station.  

RAND Document Number: N-3284-AF/NASA Year: 1991 Pages: 95 ISBN/EAN: 0-8330-1994-5
Cover Price: $30.00

1991
Defense Technical Information Center
Title :   Automation and Robotics for the Space Exploration Initiative: Results from Project Outreach.
Accession Number : ADA252567Descriptive Note : Rand note,
Corporate Author : RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
Personal Author(s) : Gonzales, D. ; Criswell, D. ; Heer, E.
Report Date : 1991
Pagination or Media Count : 92

Abstract : Review of the submissions of further research in A and R issues has led the Project Outreach A and R panel to make the following observations and to submit the following recommendations for consideration by the Synthesis Group: (1) Systematically integrate SEI robots, work environments, and systems; (2) Develop structured-task robots for SEI; (3) Adapt and develop advanced TOR(teleoperated robots) control interfaces that enable telepresence; (4) Evaluate the architectural implications of using TOR telepresence control in SEI; (5) Reevaluate and harmonize early SEI remote sensing data collection requirements with later SEI robotic mission requirements; (6) Conduct tradeoff studies to select optimum mobility and navigational subsystems for SEI surface exploration robots. Teams of complementary exploration robots should be considered in these tradeoff analyses; (7) Conduct tradeoff studies to determine the most cost-effective and productive development path towards autonomous robots; and (8) Review NASA’s evaluations of A and R effort for Space Station Freedom.

Descriptors :   *SPACE EXPLORATION, *ROBOTICS, *AUTOMATION, SPACE MISSIONS, MARS(PLANET), MOON, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, PLANNING.

Subject Categories : ASTRONAUTICS

Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Members of the public may purchase hardcopy documents from the National Technical Information Service. 1992
Space and Surface Power for the Space Exploration Initiative
Results from Project Outreach
By: Calvin Shipbaugh, Kenneth A. Solomon, Daniel Gonzales, M. L. Juncosa, Theodore W. Bauer, Robert M. Salter

This Note describes the findings of the Space and Surface Power panel, one of eight project panels evaluating submissions to the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Outreach Program, or Project Outreach. The submissions screened by the Space and Surface Power panel proposed systems that can be classified into at least one of five technical areas: (1) power generation (solar power, nuclear power, fuel cells, batteries, and “other”), (2) power transmission, (3) energy storage, (4) thermal management, and (5) handling. The panel screened 167 submissions and selected the 22 highest-ranked ones for further analysis. The submissions that appeared to offer the best overall potential dealt with nuclear power sources, power beaming, the development of in-situ resources (including the use of solar dynamic power), and thermal management. Some lower-ranked submissions also contained interesting and potentially useful system concepts, and the authors evaluated some concepts not suggested in the submissions, including rechargeable high-energy density batteries, high-speed flywheels, and superconducting storage rings. A number of space and surface power issues became apparent and were examined by the panel members: (1) environmental implications of SEI power systems, (2) use of in-situ materials, (3) nuclear vs. nonnuclear power, (4) start-up vs. evolutionary power needs, (5) manned vs. unmanned system requirements, and (6) development of new power transmission methods.

RAND  Document No: N-3280-AF/NASA Year: 1992 Pages: xxiii, 94 ISBN: 0833020099
Keywords: Electricity in astronautics; Space vehicles–Auxiliary–Power supply; Extraterrestrial Bases –Energy consumption
Cost: $ 35.50

1991
Defense Technical Information Center
Accession Number : ADA256890
Title :   Human Support Issues and Systems for the Space Exploration Initiative: Results from Project Outreach,Corporate Author : RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
Personal Author(s) : Aroesty, J. ; Zimmerman, R. ; Logan, J.
Report Date : 1991
Pagination or Media Count : 131

Abstract : Human support issues hold the key to mankind’s future in space. Success in resolving these issues and achieving the broader goals of the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) will evolve only from a view of human space exploration as an ongoing enterprise where investments in research and development resolve operational problems, create infrastructure for future missions, and provide spinoffs that enrich the quality of American life. Fundamental questions of crew adaptability, tolerance, performance, and survival must be confronted SEI feasibility, continued support, and eventual success. Further, human support issues should be incorporated by life scientists early in (1) formulating preliminary requirements and guidelines, (2) planning missions, and (3) designing spacecraft. This should be done in ways that reflect the best judgment of both the space and life science communities. Properly posed requirements will facilitate the development of robust system concepts and design solutions that can be adapted to new knowledge, not always favorable, from R and D and test programs conducted on Earth and in space. Only in this manner can we identify (and reject) architectures that rely on potentially unstable, overly optimistic design solutions that exist in a narrow region separating feasibility from failure, and that can accommodate only favorable new findings.

Descriptors :   *SPACE EXPLORATION, *HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, *LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS, *RADIATION PROTECTION, SPACE CREWS, ASTRONAUTS, SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT, PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, EXPOSURE(PHYSIOLOGY), TOLERANCES(PHYSIOLOGY), SOLAR RADIATION, HEALTH, RISK, COSMIC RAYS, SPACECRAFT.

Subject Categories : ASTRONAUTICS
      HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING & MAN MACHINE SYSTEM
      LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
      PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Members of the public may purchase hardcopy documents from the National Technical Information Service. 

F

In 1997, DoD, NASA, and the NRO created the Space Technology Alliance (STA) to
“coordinate the development of affordable, effective space technologies for the greatest return on
government funds.” The STA is making steady and significant progress in coordinating government
S&T investment in space and has developed a prototype methodology for categorizing
space technologies.Related Federal and Private Sector Efforts.5 Currently identified technology efforts
include the USAF EELV, NASA X-33/RLV, Boeing Delta III, Lockheed Martin Atlas IIAR,
OSC Pegasus, and several other private-sector startup programs to include teaming with foreign
manufacturers (primarily the former USSR republics). The NRO does not develop launch vehicles.

Space Platforms

The subject of developing and operating of lunar facilities has been covered widely during the last decades. This report attemps to integrate these various contributions discussing specific details from the systems viewpoint. This is mandatory for the simulation of the acquisition process and the lunar base operation of extended periods. Lifetimes of several decades have to be considered. The functions of lunar facilities are defined and assigned to specific installations. Mass flows between the elements of the lunar base are identified as well as their interrelations with eachother and the facility elements. Some initial information is presented on the 14 types of facilities identified. State-variables and performance indicators are defined to compare alternative facilityAbstract

concepts on the same bases. Some illustrative schedules are dveloped to place the developments expected into a
frame of reference with respect to time. A sub-program of Lunar science is described because this is one of the strongest motivations to continue lunar development in the 21st century. The report is closed with some guidelines on how to simulate and compare alternative lunar base concepts over their lifecycle. 45pages, 13 tables,178 references

Lunar Base Facilitiies Development and Operation PDF Format

Note: Pegasus Research Consortium will not intentionally expose the exact location of secret underground installations. There are rational reasons for secrecy sometimes and we do not want to encourage trespassing or wilderness hikes by unskilled explorers who are looking to verify their suspicions.

 sources

http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/03files/The_Tubes.html